Phone: +86 177 9146 9786
E-mail: info@leadingpgk.com
Add: No.32,Tuanjie South Road,YantaDistrict, Xi'an, Shanxi Province, China
Analyzing the "Alchemy" Technique of the Precision Guidance Kit
How Does an Ordinary Shell Transform into a "Precision-guided Killer"（—— Analyzing the "Alchemy" Technique of the Precision Guidance Kit
Introduction: From "Carpet Bombing" to "Surgical Precision"
In traditional wars, the hit accuracy of ordinary shells often relied on massive salvoes to cover the target area. This was not only inefficient but also likely to cause collateral damage to civilian infrastructure. On the modern battlefield, however, an ordinary shell equipped with a Precision Guidance Kit (PGK) can accurately hit a window from dozens of kilometers away, with the Circular Error Probable (CEP) controllable within 10 meters. What kind of scientific logic lies behind this technology that "turns the ordinary into the miraculous"? This article will unveil the hardcore scientific secrets of PGK from three scritical lenses: technical principles, core components, and China's practices.
Figure 1: Schematic Diagram of the Structural Composition of PGK
I. The Shortcomings of Unguided shells: Why is "Precision Retrofitting" Needed?
The flight trajectory of unguided shells completely depends on the initial launch velocity, real-time ballistics solution, and the aerodynamic design. Once launched, they are uncontrollable. Their accuracy is restricted by the following factors:
● Environmental Interference: Crosswinds, changes in temperature and humidity lead to trajectory perturbations.
● System Parameter Degradation: Wear and tear of the gun tube erosion, deviations in the charge amount of ammunition, etc., lead to deviations in the ballistic equation.
According to statistics, the CEP of a 155mm ordinary shell at a range of 20 kilometers usually exceeds 200 meters, and dozens of rounds of ammunition are required to ensure the destruction of a target. However, the introduction of PGK can increase the hit rate of a single shot to over 85%, and the cost-effectiveness ratio is increased by dozens of times.
II. The "Four Magic Weapons" of PGK: Giving the Shell a "Smart Brain"
The core of PGK is to endow the shell with the ability of "sensing-decision-making-control" through modular transformation (Figure 1). Its technical architecture can be divided into three subsystems:
1. Guidance & Control Unit, GCU
● Function:Calculate the ballistic deviation in real-time and generate correction instructions.
● Hardware:Embedded microprocessor (designed to withstand high overload)
● Algorithm:Ballistic Comparison Algorithm + Landing Point Prediction Algorithm.
2. Navigation System: The "Double Insurance" of Inertial and Satellite Navigation
● Inertial Navigation (INS): Measures the motion state of the shell through gyroscopes and accelerometers, and works autonomously throughout the process (without relying on external signals), but there is cumulative error. (Figure 2)
Figure 2: Schematic Diagram of the Flight of a Guided Shell
● Satellite Positioning (Beidou/GPS): Receives satellite signals to correct the position deviation of the shell, limited by signal coverage and anti-interference ability.
● Composite Guidance: Fusion of INS and satellite positioning data (Kalman filtering algorithm) to achieve the effect of "1 + 1 > 2".
3. Aerodynamic Control Surfaces: The "Steering Wheel" in the Air
● Design: Install deployable canard wings or circumferential control vanes at the head of the shell. (Figure 3)
Figure 3: Schematic Diagram of the Structural and Aerodynamic Characteristics of the PGK Control Fin
● Principle: Adjust the deflection angle of the control surfaces according to the instructions of the GCU, and change the flight trajectory through aerodynamic force
● Challenge: Precise control needs to be achieved under ultra-high-speed rotation (the rotation speed of an ordinary shell can reach 24,000 revolutions per minute), involving gyro stabilization technology.
III. China's Solution: Technological Breakthrough from "Following" to "Running Neck and Neck"
The development of PGK technology in China reflects the unique advantages of the military-civilian integration strategy:
1.The "Overpowering Blow" of the Beidou System
● Full Domain Coverage: The global networking of Beidou-3 provides centimeter-level high-precision positioning (HPPS) services in the Asia-Pacific region.
● Upgraded Anti-interference: Encryption of military signals + adaptive nulling antenna technology to ensure availability during wartime.
2.Domestic Breakthrough in Inertial Devices
The localization of low-cost all-solid-state inertial devices (MEMS gyroscopes, accelerometers) has greatly reduced the product's dependence on foreign sources.
3.Innovative Application Cases
● Low-cost Transformation Solution: "Plug-and-Play" PGK for the stockpiled ordinary shells (Figure 3), with an adaptation rate of up to 95%.
IV. Future Prospects: The "Chinese Core" in the Era of Smart Ammunition
With the progress of artificial intelligence and microelectronics technology, PGK is evolving in two directions:
AI-Enhanced Targeting: Embedding AI chips to achieve dynamic target recognition (such as infrared/radar feature matching).
Collaboration:multi-munition networked communications to perform tasks of "saturation attack-autonomous allocation".
It is worth mentioning that private enterprises in China have been deeply involved in the PGK industrial chain. A number of "specialized, refined, unique, and innovative" enterprises have emerged in fields such as MEMS sensors and anti-interference algorithms, becoming the benchmark force of military-civilian integration.
Conclusion: Technology Makes War More "Precise" and Peace More Precious
The transformation from an ordinary shell to a "precision-guided killer" is essentially the ultimate mastery of physical laws and information technology by human beings. With the empowerment of China's military industry technology, this mastery is becoming more and more efficient and autonomous. In the future, we look forward to the power of technology serving peaceful development more—after all, the most precise "guidance" is always the protection of human well-being.
(Note: The content of this article is all based on publicly available technical materials and does not involve any classified information.)
